Tag Archives: Republic 100

Tamara Svanidze, associate member of INALCO Center for Research of Europe and Eurasia, presents the way in which the Georgian satire digested international news and perceived country’s relations with its neighbors, as well as the role of the various European actors who intervened in the region during this key period …

“The primary education is universal, free and compulsory. Public schools system is envisaged as one organic whole, where the primary school represents the foundation for secondary and higher schooling. Instruction at all levels is secular”… “A school established on private initiative is subject to the general public education law.” The …

Out and away from the shadow of dogmatic Soviet historiography, a new generation of historians is arising in Georgia. And with a very specific focus on Georgia’s first democratic experience. by Régis Genté An informed and critical look at its history, based on in-depth research of the archival documents and …

Despite the growing awareness about the Georgian Democratic Republic of 1918-1921, its leaders and policies, Georgians still carry many prejudices about the period. Some carry a priori negative feelings. Regis Gente has asked three best known foreign historians of the Soviet and post-Soviet periods, why would that be the case. …

by Eric Lee, based on a Presentation to the International Scientific Forum: “Remembering the Georgian Democratic Republic 100 Years On: A Model for Europe”, Tbilisi, June 2018 After Georgia declared its independence in May 1918, its Social Democratic government embarked on a foreign policy aimed at winning recognition from the …

It was on this day, February 25, 97 years ago, in 1921 when one of the world’s worst totalitarian Empires has forced itself on the Democratic Republic of Georgia, effectively ending its fledgling statehood. In the decades that followed, blood and tears were shed aplenty. Executions of the independent government …

(Ertoba N114, 5 June, 1918) Member of the peace negotiations delegation Gr. Rtskhiladze has arrived from Batumi, to notify the government of the conditions of peace accord concluded between the Republic of Georgia and the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire takes possession of all of Akhaklakali district and all Akhaltsikhe …

(Ertoba, N110, 31 May 1918) At 1 o’clock in the afternoon on 29 May, Patriarch of the Orthodox Church of Georgia Kirion II, accompanied by Bishop David and the clergy, served the Holy Mass at the Sioni Cathedral in Tbilisi, in gratitude to declaration of Georgia’s independence. After the Mass, …

(Ertoba N 110, 31 May 1918) President of the Government, Noe Ramishvili reported to the Georgian National Council on 29 May: “By adopting an Act of Georgia’s independence, the National Council has put a great responsibility on the Government’s shoulders. It had to notify all states’ governments of this Act, …

(Ertoba N108, 29 May, 1918) In the evening of 26 May, in Batumi, representatives of the Ottoman delegation have handed the ultimatum to the Trans-Caucasus delegation, demanding from them to cede the railway for transportation of the Ottoman troops to Persia, as well as to cede two Georgian districts – …

Even on the eve of Georgia pronouncing its independence, country’s main political parties continue heated debate on the matter. As we have reported, Tbilisi is threatened by the advancing Ottoman army at the time, with some Azerbaijani residents welcoming their arrival. The “Sakartvelo” (Georgia) newspaper of the National Democratic Party …

(Tbilisi, 24 May 1918, “Ertoba” N 104 and N 102)  Akaki Chkhenkeli, [Chairman of the Trans-Caucasus Government and Foreign Minister] reports from Batumi, that the Ottomans have demanded the right of military passage through Trans-Caucasus railway until the end of war [World War I] and the conclusion of general truce. …

“Such is our view: The anarchy can only be quelled by vanquishing its causes…Truce first, then the reforms and through reforms – eradication of anarchy – such shall be our only path” writes “Ertoba” (Unity), the daily published by the Social Democratic Party. Anarchy has put deep roots in our …

(Tbilisi, May 22, 1918, “Ertoba”) Education Commissariat of Transcaucasus drafted the law to abolish the teaching of the Holy Scripture in the higher, secondary and primary education establishments of Transcaucasus, irrespective of them being state, public or private. The draft is being reviewed by the Seim (Parliament). According to the …

(Ertoba N102, 22 May 1918. Describes events of 15-17 May) Government of Transcaucasia informs: Several weeks ago, Bolsheviks have captured the district of Sokhumi together with the city of Sokhumi. As it is common to their mode of governance, they have caused the breakdown of normal life and disorganization everywhere, …

On 5 April 1918, the government troops headed by Valiko Jugheli have clashed with rebels and by 6 April have restored order in hamlets of Bandza and Old Senaki (in Western Georgia, historical Samegrelo province), “Ertoba” (Unity) daily writes. According to the reports the riot has started on 29 March. …